How to Find a Water Leak Underground

The average household’s leaks can account for nearly 10,000 gallons of water wasted every year, which is the amount of water needed to wash 270 loads of laundry. These leaks can add up to about 10 percent to your water bill. 

Water leaks are a common yet frustrating issue that homeowners can face. One of the more troublesome types is the underground water leak. These leaks can be challenging to locate and fix. If you’ve noticed an increase in your water bills or other signs that something’s wrong, it’s time to figure out how to find a water leak underground.

Let’s explore the signs and the underground water leak detection methods.

What Causes Underground Water Leaks?

1. Aging and Deteriorating Pipes

As pipes age, they naturally begin to corrode, especially those made from materials like steel, iron, or cast iron. Over time, this corrosion weakens the pipes, making them more susceptible to cracks or holes. Additionally, older pipes made from clay or concrete can degrade, becoming brittle and more prone to breakage or leaks.

2. Ground Movement

The shifting of soil due to environmental factors such as heavy rainfall, droughts, or the growth of nearby trees can put pressure on underground pipes. This movement can cause pipes to crack or become misaligned.

3. Faulty Installation

When pipes are installed incorrectly, such as being placed at improper depths or not securely connected, they become vulnerable to leaks. Pipes laid at incorrect angles or with poor material choices are more likely to develop leaks as they cannot withstand the pressure exerted by the surrounding soil and water.

4. Root Intrusion

Tree and plant roots are often drawn to underground pipes in search of water. These roots can infiltrate cracks or joints in the pipes, causing blockages, pressure buildup, and eventually ruptures or leaks.

5. Water Pressure

High water pressure places significant strain on pipes, especially older or weaker ones, causing them to leak. Additionally, sudden changes in water pressure, such as those that occur when a system is started or shut down, can lead to stress and eventual pipe damage.

6. Freeze and Thaw Cycles

In colder climates, the freezing and thawing of the ground can cause underground pipes to expand and contract, putting added stress on them. This continual change in temperature can cause pipes to leak if they are not properly insulated to handle such conditions.

7. Chemical or Environmental Damage

Certain soils contain chemicals, minerals, or salts that can react with underground pipes, causing corrosion and weakening. For instance, acidic or alkaline soils can break down metal pipes, while chemicals like sulphates, chlorides, and ammonia can create pinhole leaks. Additionally, high moisture or salt content in the soil can accelerate damage. Construction activities and vibrations from heavy machinery can also stress pipes, leading to cracks that eventually cause leaks.

8. Joint Failure

Over time, the joints connecting pipes can wear down, especially if they were poorly sealed during installation. This can result in misalignment or gaps that allow water to leak.

How to Tell If You Have a Water Leak Underground

1. Pooling Water

If you start to notice wet spots or puddles forming on your yard, driveway, or near your water meter, this could be a sign that an underground water pipe is leaking. The wet patches could appear in areas where there’s no obvious reason for water to be pooling.

2. High Water Bills

An increase in your water bill is a strong indicator of an underground water leak. If your usage habits haven’t changed but your water costs have gone up significantly, a hidden leak could be draining your resources.

3. Weak Water Pressure

A drop in water pressure could be another clue. If it seems like water isn’t flowing as strongly as it used to or there are noticeable fluctuations in pressure, this could be due to a leak somewhere along the underground water pipes.

4. Sound of Running Water

Sometimes, you might hear the sound of running water in places like your yard or basement, even when no water is being used. This could indicate a hidden leak in your underground pipes.

5. Cracks in Your Foundation

If the water has been leaking under your home, it could eventually cause the soil to shift. This can lead to cracks in your foundation. If you start noticing cracks appearing, it’s time to inspect for leaks.

How Does a Plumber Find a Water Leak Underground?

If you suspect you have an underground water leak, the next step is to find out exactly where it’s located. The thing is, underground leaks aren’t visible to the naked eye, and many homeowners find it tough to pinpoint the leak’s location on their own. That’s where a professional plumber comes in. Plumbers use a variety of methods and tools to locate the source of a leak. 

1. Listening Devices

Plumbers use specialised listening devices to detect the sound of water escaping from pipes underground. These devices can pick up the sound, even if it’s buried several feet beneath the surface. They’re an efficient way of narrowing down the location of the leak.

2. Thermal Imaging Cameras

Plumbers also use thermal imaging cameras to detect underground leaks. These cameras can detect temperature variations in the ground, which are often caused by escaping water. The water that leaks from the pipes can cool the ground around it, making it visible on thermal images.

3. Electronic Leak Detection

Electronic leak detection is an advanced method that uses sound waves or electronic signals to locate leaks. The signal travels through the water system, and when it encounters a leak, the disturbance causes the signal to bounce back or change. Plumbers use equipment, like acoustic sensors and signal analysers, to accurately pinpoint the leak’s location.

What Are the Solutions to Repair Water Leaks Underground?

1. Spot Repairs

If the leak is isolated to a small section of pipe, a spot repair may be all that’s needed. This involves digging directly over the leak, cutting out the damaged section, and replacing it with new piping.

2. Pipe Relining

For minimal digging, pipe relining is a popular trenchless option. A flexible epoxy liner is inserted into the existing pipe and then inflated to form a new pipe within the old one. It’s especially useful when the damaged section is under driveways, gardens, or concrete slabs. This method is especially useful when the leak is located in pipes with minor cracks or corrosion, as it can seal up small leaks and restore the pipe’s integrity without the need for full replacement.

3. Full Pipe Replacement

If the pipes are old or extensively corroded, it is more practical to replace the entire line. While this involves more upfront cost and excavation, it provides a long-term fix and peace of mind.

Conclusion

Water leaks, especially those underground, can cause significant issues. If you suspect it, it’s crucial to act fast to avoid escalating damage and rising costs.

Contact us today for professional underground leak detection and reliable repair services. Our team is ready to help with lasting solutions. Call us at 1300 319 275 or fill out our online form for a quote and expert assistance.